求自動(dòng)化專業(yè)英語(yǔ)第2版UNIT3 A Renewable Energy的原文(不是翻譯)
求自動(dòng)化專業(yè)英語(yǔ)第2版UNIT3 A Renewable Energy的原文(不是翻譯)【專家解說(shuō)】: 能耗盡的。 Sources of renewable energy
能耗盡的。 Sources of renewable energy 可再生能源 Source of renewable energy include the following: 可再生能源如下: Solar Energy - The Sun provides a basic form of energy for all living organisms. Solar energy is free and inexhaustible. Converting sunlight into useful forms for human consumption incurs a cost. Sunlight has been used by humans for drying crops and heating water and buildings for millennia - called passive solar heating. A twentieth-century technology is photovoltaics, which turns sunlight directly into electricity. 太陽(yáng)能 太陽(yáng)給所有的生物提供一種基本的能量。太陽(yáng)能是免費(fèi)和用之不竭的。將陽(yáng)光轉(zhuǎn)換為人類(lèi)消費(fèi)的形式會(huì)產(chǎn)生成本。數(shù)千年來(lái)陽(yáng)光被人類(lèi)用來(lái)曬干農(nóng)作物、加熱水和建筑。二十世紀(jì)采用的是光電技術(shù),即將陽(yáng)光直接轉(zhuǎn)換為電。 Wind Power - The movement of air can be harnessed as a form of energy, and has been since ancient times. Today, advanced aerodynamics research has developed wind turbines that can produce electricity on a very economic basis. Wind turbines are often grouped together in farms, located in exposed areas of countryside, either near coasts or on hill tops which experience a regularly prevailing wind throughout the year. 風(fēng)能 空氣的運(yùn)動(dòng)可被用來(lái)作為能源,從遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)代即是如此。今天,先進(jìn)的空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)研究已研究出風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī),它可以非常經(jīng)濟(jì)地發(fā)電。風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)通常成組地置于農(nóng)場(chǎng),位于沿海或山頂?shù)泥l(xiāng)村開(kāi)闊地帶,那里全年都有盛行風(fēng)。 Geothermal Energy - Rocks under the Earth's crust contain naturally decaying radioactive materials like uranium and potassium, producing a continuous supply of heat. The amount of heat within 10,000 meters of the surface contains 50,000 times more energy than all the oil and gas resources in the world. 地?zé)崮?nbsp; 在地球硬殼下面的巖石含有像鈾、鉀等一直在衰減的放射性材料,這些材料持續(xù)不斷地提供熱能。在地球表面10,000米深范圍內(nèi)的熱量比世界上所有的油和氣源所包含的能量的50,000倍還要多。 Geothermal energy taps into the heat under the Earth's crust to boil water. The hot water is then used to drive electric turbines and heat buildings. The areas with highest underground temperature are in regions with active or geologically young
volcanoes. 地?zé)崮軅鲗?dǎo)地殼下面的熱量來(lái)加熱水。熱雖被用來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)電渦輪機(jī)和加熱建筑。具有最高溫度的區(qū)域位于活躍的或新形成的火山地區(qū)周?chē)?nbsp; These "hot spots" occur at the boundaries between tectonic places where the crust is thin enough to let the heat through. Many of these "hot spots" occur around the Pacific Rim. 這些“熱點(diǎn)”出現(xiàn)在建筑群的邊緣,這些地方地殼較薄,足以讓熱量穿透。許多“熱點(diǎn)”出現(xiàn)在太平洋周?chē)?nbsp; Hydroelectric Power - On Earth, water is neither created nor destroyed. Water evaporates from the oceans, forming clouds, falling out as rain and snow, collecting into streams and rivers, and flowing back to the sea. All this movement provides an enormous opportunity to create useful energy. 水力發(fā)電 在地球表面,水既不能被創(chuàng)造,也不能被消滅。大海中的水蒸發(fā),形成了云,以雨水和雪的形式降落到地面,流進(jìn)小溪和江河,最后回歸大海。整個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程為創(chuàng)造有用的能源提供了巨大的機(jī)會(huì)。 Hydroelectric power uses the force of moving water to produce electricity. Hydropower is one of the main suppliers of electricity in the world, and the main source of renewable energy, but is most often in the form of large dams which disrupt habitats and displace people. A better approach is to use small scale hydro plants. 水力發(fā)電是利用運(yùn)動(dòng)中水的力量來(lái)發(fā)電。水力發(fā)電是世界上電的主要來(lái)源之一,主要的可再生能源,但它經(jīng)常是以巨大的攔河壩的形式出現(xiàn),它破壞了人類(lèi)的棲息地,產(chǎn)生大量移民。一個(gè)較好的辦法是建設(shè)小規(guī)模的水電工廠。 Biomass Energy - Biomass is a term we use to describe plant materials and animal wastes used for energy. Plants form the basis of the food chain, on which all life on earth depends. But in terms of energy production "biomass" refers to using tree and grass crops, and forestry, agricultural, and urban wastes. It is the oldest source of renewable energy known to humans. 生物能 生物是我們用來(lái)描述產(chǎn)生能量的植物材料和動(dòng)物廢棄物的術(shù)語(yǔ)。植物形成了地球上所有生命賴以生存的食物鏈的基礎(chǔ)。但以生產(chǎn)能量的觀點(diǎn),“生物”指的是利用樹(shù)、農(nóng)作物、森林、農(nóng)業(yè)和城市的廢棄物。它是人類(lèi)最早知道的可再生能源。 Biomass is a renewable energy source because the energy it contains comes from the Sun. Through the process of photosynthesis, chlorophyll in plants captures the Sun's energy by converting carbon dioxide from the air and water from the ground into "carbohydrates," complex compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. When these carbohydrates are burned, they turn back into carbon dioxide and water, and release the Sun's energy they contain. In this way, biomass functions as a sort of natural store of solar energy. 生物是一種可再生能源,因?yàn)樗衼?lái)自太陽(yáng)的能量。通過(guò)光合作用,植物
上的葉綠素通過(guò)將空氣中的二氧化碳和土壤中的水轉(zhuǎn)換成碳水化合物捕捉到了太陽(yáng)能。當(dāng)這些碳水化合物燃燒時(shí),它們還原成二氧化碳和水,釋放出它們帶有的太陽(yáng)能。這樣,生物活動(dòng)就是一種太陽(yáng)能的自然存儲(chǔ)。 Issues Surrounding Renewable Energy 關(guān)于可再生能源的問(wèn)題 One of the major reasons why the use of renewable energy is still relatively limited is its cost compared to fossil fuel generated power. 可再生能源的利用仍受到限制的主要原因之一是相對(duì)于礦物燃料發(fā)電成本較高。(熱心于使用和安裝可再生能源系統(tǒng)的人可得到政府基金。) However, improved technology, in recent years, has made wind power and biomass energy economically more competitive. Although the cost of some solar energy designs still remains fairly high and it is unlikely that countries like the UK, with unreliable sources of sunlight, will invest considerable sums of money into developing this resource within the short term future. 然而近些年來(lái)改善的技術(shù)以使風(fēng)能和生物能從生產(chǎn)成本上更具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性。盡管太陽(yáng)能能源的成本比較合理,像英國(guó)這樣缺少陽(yáng)光的國(guó)家不可能在短期內(nèi)投入巨額資金來(lái)開(kāi)發(fā)這種能源 Furthermore, renewable energy systems can often be locally intrusive and many people object to large numbers of wind turbines occupying the countryside etc. 此外,可再生能源系統(tǒng)經(jīng)常造成局部干擾,許多人反對(duì)大量的風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)占用農(nóng)村土地等等。 Despite these barriers, however, renewable energy over the long term is likely to have a secure future, and will continue to provide an increasing proportion of the world's energy needs whilst concerns about the climatic impacts of fossil fuel power generation remain. 盡管存在這些障礙,自始至終可再生能源有一個(gè)美好的未來(lái),并且繼續(xù)增加其在世界能源需求中的比例,同時(shí)繼續(xù)關(guān)注礦物燃料能源對(duì)氣候的影響。 What Can You Do? 你能做什么
There are currently many options open to home owners regarding the use of renewable energy sources. Various schemes, as detailed below, can be incorporated into most household systems, and can be used in conjunction with traditional heating and electrical systems. 現(xiàn)在有許多家用可再生能源供選擇。如下詳述,可將各種方案綜合在一起組成常見(jiàn)的家用系統(tǒng),并且可以和傳統(tǒng)的加熱和電氣系統(tǒng)同時(shí)使用。各種方案如下: Ground source heat pumps (GSHP) A GSHP system circulates liquid through specially designed coils or loops of pipe buried in the ground. The liquid absorbs heat from the ground, which at the depth of 1.5 metres is a fairly consistent 11-13oC throughout the year. A heat pump removes the stored energy and transfers it to a system for heating the building and hot water requirement. 地源熱力泵 地源熱力泵系統(tǒng)通過(guò)特殊設(shè)計(jì)的埋在地下的管路來(lái)循環(huán)液體。液體吸收地?zé)?,地?zé)嵛挥诘叵?.5米深,一年四季保持11o—13oC 的恒溫。熱力泵吸收熱能并將其輸送到建筑采暖系統(tǒng)和熱水供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)。 These installations are best coupled to an under floor heating system, but can be linked to other options. Whilst not strictly renewable, every unit of electrical energy required to power the pump produces three to four units of energy extracted from the ground. 這些裝置最好與建筑內(nèi)地面加熱系統(tǒng)連接,但也可與其他裝置連接。同時(shí)并不都是可再生能量,驅(qū)動(dòng)熱力泵若需一個(gè)單位的能量,可從地下吸收四分之三個(gè)單位的能量。 Solar Photovoltaics (PV) This involves generating electricity from the sun's energy. It works best in direct sunlight, but is also effective under cloudy conditions. Panels or PV integrated products are best located within 40° of south at an angle of between 15-60°. PV systems can be retrofitted onto existing buildings or incorporated into current and new buildings 太陽(yáng)光電器 這包括利用太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電。太陽(yáng)光電器在陽(yáng)光照射下工作最好,但在陰天照樣工作。面板或光電轉(zhuǎn)換器上繼承的芯片最好面向正南40°范圍內(nèi),仰角在15°—60°之間。光電轉(zhuǎn)換器系統(tǒng)可用在老建筑、流行建筑和新建筑上。 Solar water heating (SWH) SWH takes the radiation from the sun, present in all forms of daylight, to heat a combination of water and anti-freeze that passes through a solar collector mounted on the roof (as for PV). This is then pumped to a conventional hot water tank that has an additional heating coil, from which the heat from the sun is passed to the hot water that comes out of the taps. 太陽(yáng)能熱水器 太陽(yáng)能熱水器利用日光中所有的來(lái)自太陽(yáng)的輻射,加熱安裝在屋頂上陽(yáng)光采集器中流過(guò)的水和防凍液。加熱后的水被傳送到帶有普通加熱管的熱水箱內(nèi),來(lái)自太陽(yáng)的熱能被傳送到來(lái)自水龍頭的箱內(nèi)熱水上。
Systems can provide a minimum of 60% of annual hot water needs and are always linked to the conventional heating system for back up. There are over 50,000 systems of this type in the UK and they cost from £1,800 installed, depending on size and type of system selected. 系統(tǒng)每年至少能滿足60%的熱水需求,并總是和傳統(tǒng)的技熱系統(tǒng)連接以互相補(bǔ)充。在英國(guó)有50,000多個(gè)這樣的系統(tǒng),價(jià)格取決于所選的容量和類(lèi)型。 Small Scale Wind Turbines Small wind turbines are sized at a hub height of 25 metres and under. Turbines need to be mounted on a tower of a height that reduces the blocking effect of the buildings, residential properties and trees. They are noiseless, but a planning application will be required. Wind speeds are the vital factor, with wind speeds of 5m/second and above, at a height of 10m being recommended. 小型風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī) 小型風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)是指塔桿高度在25m及以下的風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)。渦輪機(jī)須安裝在塔尖上以減小建筑物、住宅用品和樹(shù)木對(duì)其的阻礙作用。它們沒(méi)有噪音,但需要提交規(guī)劃申請(qǐng)。風(fēng)速至關(guān)重要,建議離地高度10米的風(fēng)速大于等于每秒5米 Biomass heating Woodchips from sustainably managed wood sources are a renewable resource and can be burned in modern, computer controlled boiler plant to provide space and hot water heating in buildings. They work best when there is a consistent heat demand throughout the heating system and a storage area with easy access is required.Boiler plant costs are higher than for fossil fuels, but woodchips are cheaper than gas, oil and coal. 生物加熱 來(lái)自可持續(xù)提供木源的木屑是一種可再生能源,可用作新式、計(jì)算機(jī)控制的鍋爐設(shè)備的燃料給建筑空間和居民用水加熱。當(dāng)整個(gè)加熱系統(tǒng)熱需求恒定且與儲(chǔ)藏間有便捷通道時(shí),設(shè)備工作狀態(tài)最佳。鍋爐設(shè)備比用礦物燃料的設(shè)備要貴,但木屑比氣、油和煤便宜 。 Future of Renewable Energy 可再生能量的未來(lái) Reducing our dependence on fossil fuels such as coal,oil and gas for the production of energy is vitally important,in order to reduce the impacts of global warming and climate change.Without doubt, renewable energy technologies will play a key role in achieving this ,by providing a clean and sustainable source of energy, whose generation will have no negative effects on the environment. 為了降低全球變暖和氣候改變的影響,減少我們對(duì)諸如煤、油和氣這樣的礦物燃料的依賴至關(guān)重要。為達(dá)到這個(gè)目的,毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),要提供清潔、可循環(huán)使用且對(duì)環(huán)境無(wú)副作用的能源,可再生能源技術(shù)至關(guān)重要。
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