外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯

【專家解說】：Nuclear Energy The sun and stars are seemingly inexhaustible sources of energy. That energy is the result of nuclear reactions, in which matter is converted to energy. We have been able to harness that mechanism and regularly use it to generate power. Presently, nuclear energy provides for approximately 16% of the world's electricity. Unlike the stars, the nuclear reactors that we have today work on the principle of nuclear fission. Scientists are working like madmen to make fusion reactors which have the potential of providing more energy with fewer disadvantages than fission reactors. Production Changes can occur in the structure of the nuclei of atoms. These changes are called nuclear reactions. Energy created in a nuclear reaction is called nuclear energy, or atomic energy. Nuclear energy is produced naturally and in man-made operations under human control. Naturally: Some nuclear energy is produced naturally. For example, the Sun and other stars make heat and light by nuclear reactions. Man-Made: Nuclear energy can be man-made too. Machines called nuclear reactors, parts of nuclear power plants, provide electricity for many cities. Man-made nuclear reactions also occur in the explosion of atomic and hydrogen bombs. Nuclear energy is produced in two different ways, in one, large nuclei are split to release energy. In the other method, small nuclei are combined to release energy. For a more detailed look at nuclear fission and nuclear fusion, consult the nuclear physics page. Nuclear Fission: In nuclear fission, the nuclei of atoms are split, causing energy to be released. The atomic bomb and nuclear reactors work by fission. The element uranium is the main fuel used to undergo nuclear fission to produce energy since it has many favorable properties. Uranium nuclei can be easily split by shooting neutrons at them. Also, once a uranium nucleus is split, multiple neutrons are released which are used to split other uranium nuclei. This phenomenon is known as a chain reaction. 太陽和星星似乎是取之不盡，用之不竭的能量來源。 能源是能量的核反應(yīng)的結(jié)果，其中的問題是轉(zhuǎn)換。 我們已經(jīng)能夠利用這種機(jī)制，并定期用它來發(fā)電。目前，核能提供了大約16％的電力世界。像瘋子般工作的科學(xué)家們正在努力使核聚變反應(yīng)堆克服可能比核裂變反應(yīng)堆消耗更多的能量的缺點(diǎn)。 生產(chǎn) 變化可以發(fā)生在原子結(jié)構(gòu)的細(xì)胞核。這些變化被稱為核反應(yīng) 。能源創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)被稱為核反應(yīng)核能 ，或原子的能量 。 核能是自然產(chǎn)生的和人為的控制操作下人類。 當(dāng)然，有些核能是自然生成的。 例如，太陽和其他恒星的核反應(yīng)，使熱和光。 人為方面的成就：核能源可以人造了。 所謂機(jī)器核反應(yīng)堆 ， 核電設(shè)備部件，提供電力的許多城市。 人造核反應(yīng)也發(fā)生在爆炸原子彈和氫彈 。 核能是產(chǎn)生兩種不同的方式，在一個(gè)大的原子核分裂釋放能量。他們相結(jié)合，釋放能量。 核裂變 ：在核裂變，原子核是原子分裂，從而導(dǎo)致能量得到釋放。 在原子彈和核裂變反應(yīng)堆的工作。 鈾元素的主要燃料是用來進(jìn)行核裂變產(chǎn)生能量，因?yàn)樗性S多有利特性。鈾原子核分裂可以很容易地在拍攝他們中子。 此外，一旦一個(gè)鈾原子核分裂，多中子被釋放它們用于其他鈾原子核分裂。這種現(xiàn)象被稱為連鎖反應(yīng) 。