九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)第八單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)

【專家解說(shuō)】： Unit 8一、短語(yǔ)1.    clean up 清掃                     2.give out 分發(fā)，發(fā)放3.cheer up=make…h(huán)appier 使...高興，使...振作4.after school study program 課外學(xué)習(xí)班5.come up with=think up 提出，想出     6.put off(doing sth) 推遲(做某事)7.write down 寫下，記下          8.put up 張貼9.hand out 分發(fā)，發(fā)放 = give out          10.call sb up 給某人打電話 = ring sb up = give sb a call/ring = call/ telephone sb = make a telephone call with sb11.ser up=establish 建立       12.be home to sb 是某人的家園13.volunteer one’s time to do sth 自愿花時(shí)間干...14.put…to use… 把...投入使用         15.elementary school 小學(xué)16.plan to do sth 計(jì)劃干...打算干= plan on doing sth 17.coach a football team for kids 訓(xùn)練少年足球隊(duì)18.start a Chinese History club 開辦一個(gè)中國(guó)史俱樂(lè)部19.run out of 用完，耗盡    20.take after 在性格或長(zhǎng)相方面與父母相象21.fix up 修理    22.give away 捐贈(zèng)    23.be similar to 與...相似24.ask for 索要    ask sb for sth 向某人要某物25.a call-in center for parents 家長(zhǎng)熱線26.hang out 閑蕩 27.put up signs asking for singing jobs 張貼尋求唱歌工作的廣告28.run out of money for singing lessons 學(xué)唱歌的錢用完了29.disabled people 殘疾人        30.for sure 確實(shí)如此，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)31.fill…with... 用...填充...   be filled with = be full of 被裝滿了...32.help...out 幫助...做事，解決難題（擺脫困境）33.a specially trained dog 一只經(jīng)過(guò)特殊訓(xùn)練的狗34.train sb to do sth 訓(xùn)練某人干...    35.fetch my book 去把我的書拿來(lái)36.part of speech 詞性 二、重點(diǎn)知識(shí)1．You could give out food at a food bank. (P60)你可以在食品供應(yīng)站分發(fā)食品。give out在這里是“分發(fā)”，“散發(fā)”的意思。Our English teacher gave out the examination papers when the bell rang. 我們的英語(yǔ)老師在鈴響的時(shí)候分發(fā)試卷?！蛄硗庖粋€(gè)意思為“用完”，“消耗盡”。After a week their food supplies gave out. 一周之后，他們的食物供應(yīng)用完了?！蜻€有一個(gè)意思為“發(fā)出”，“送出”。The sun gives out a lot of heat. 太陽(yáng)能發(fā)出熱量。2．He looks sad. Let’s cheer him up.(P61)他看上去很傷心。我們?nèi)退褡髌饋?lái)吧。cheer up sb或cheer sb up意為“（使某人）高興起來(lái)，振作起來(lái)”。如果是代詞做賓語(yǔ)，則將代詞放在中間。Cheer up! The news isn’t too bad. 不要發(fā)愁啦，這消息不錯(cuò)嘛！He took her to the ballet to cheer her up. 他為了使她高興起來(lái)，便帶她去看芭蕾舞。3．This volunteer work takes each of them several hours a week, so it is a major commitment. (P62)這份義工每周花了他們每個(gè)人好幾個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間，所以這是一個(gè)重大的貢獻(xiàn)。(1)each of them是指“他們中的每一個(gè)”。如果做主語(yǔ)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。知識(shí)拓展each與every的用法◎each指一個(gè)整體中的每一個(gè)，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體；every著重于全體的總和，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體。試比較：Each has a different book. （強(qiáng)調(diào)各有不同。）Here every child at the age of six can go to school. （側(cè)重整體，無(wú)一例外。）◎each可作形容詞及代詞，而every只能作形容詞，但可與-one，-body，-thing等構(gòu)成復(fù)合代詞?！騟ach用在代詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞前要用介詞of連接，如each of them, each of the boys; every不能直接跟of連接，如不可以說(shuō)every of them，而要說(shuō)every one of them或each of them?！騟very還可以表示“每隔”，后接基數(shù)詞加名詞，如every four weeks, every three months等，此種結(jié)構(gòu)中的every不能用each代替。She had a rest every fives minutes. 她每隔5分鐘就休息一會(huì)兒。魔力糾錯(cuò)①街道兩旁有許多商店。誤：There are many shops on every side of the street.正：There are many shops on each side of the street.魔力解析each可以用來(lái)指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或物，但是every卻總是指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物，不能指兩者。4.Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but I get to spend time doing what I love to do. (P62)我不僅對(duì)幫助別人感到很滿足，而且我還漸漸地花時(shí)間做自己喜愛做的事情。(1)not only ... but also (also可省略)是“不但……而且……”的意思，當(dāng)置于句首時(shí)，not only后面從句的主謂要倒裝，但but （also）后面的主謂不用倒裝。Not only has he been to Canada, but (also) he knows some Canadians.他不僅去過(guò)加拿大，而且還認(rèn)識(shí)許多加拿大人。Not only did he teach at school, but (also) he wrote novels.他不僅在學(xué)校里教書，而且還寫小說(shuō)。Not only…but (also)… 接兩主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞隨后面的主語(yǔ)人稱和數(shù)的變化 也就是就近原則 如：  ①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不僅莉莉而且你也喜歡貓。  ②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不僅你而且莉莉喜歡貓。常見的就近原則的結(jié)構(gòu)有：     Neither… nor…即不…也不… (兩者都不)Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜歡他。     Either… or… 不是…就是… (兩者中的一個(gè))hand in“面交”，“上交”。The students are handing their papers in.學(xué)生們?cè)诮辉嚲怼?0. The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. (P64)他想到的那些辦法獲得了成功。(1)這是一個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是前面的strategies。動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)worked out在這里作主語(yǔ)the strategies的謂語(yǔ)，意為“產(chǎn)生結(jié)果，發(fā)展為，結(jié)果是……”，后面不可接賓語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)也不用“人”來(lái)充當(dāng)。I wonder how their ideas worked out in practice. 我很想知道他們的想法在實(shí)踐中取得了什么結(jié)果。We didn’t plan it like that but it worked out very well.我們?cè)皇悄菢佑?jì)劃的，但結(jié)果卻很好。知識(shí)拓展work out的其它用法It was the best solution that he was able to work out at this time. 這是他這時(shí)能想出的最好的解決辦法了。（想出）I can’t work out the meaning of this poem.  我理解不了這首詩(shī)的意思。（理解）Have you worked out this math problem? 你已經(jīng)算出這道數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題了嗎？(算出)短語(yǔ)鏈語(yǔ)◎work on意為“從事”。Professor Green is working on a new book. 格林教授正在寫一本新書。He is working on a maths problem. 他正在算一道數(shù)學(xué)難題?！騱ork on后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示繼續(xù)工作。It’s very late, but they were still working on.時(shí)間很晚了，但他們?nèi)匀辉诶^續(xù)工作。(2)fine在這里是副詞，可與well替換，意思是“好，順利”。The machine works fine. 這臺(tái)機(jī)器運(yùn)行很好。Sam is doing fine in his new business. 薩姆在他的新業(yè)務(wù)中一切進(jìn)展順利。11.Who has filled my life with pleasure. (P66)……使我生活充滿快樂(lè)的人。(1)本句中的fill...with...表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作，意為“用……裝滿……”，其主語(yǔ)通常是人。He filled the bag with books. 他在書包里裝滿了書。Please fill the bottle with milk. 請(qǐng)將瓶子裝滿牛奶。知識(shí)拓展be filled with表示一個(gè)狀態(tài)，意為“裝滿了……”，相當(dāng)于be full of，其主語(yǔ)通常是人或物。The room was filled with smoke. 房間里濃煙彌漫。Her eyes were filled with tears. 她眼睛里充滿了淚水。(2)pleasure意為“高興，快樂(lè)”，是不可數(shù)名詞；表示“樂(lè)趣，高興的事”時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞。Reading gives me great pleasure. 讀書給了我很多快樂(lè)。It is one of my greatest pleasures. 它是我最大樂(lè)趣之一?！蛟诳谡Z(yǔ)中It’s pleasure. 是回答感謝的客套語(yǔ)。 —Thank you for your help. 感謝你的幫助。—It’s a pleasure. 不用謝。特別提示◎pleased是形容詞，意為“自己感到高興的，欣喜的，滿意的”，指以任何方式表現(xiàn)出來(lái)或未表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的滿足與快樂(lè)，在句中常用作表語(yǔ)，其主語(yǔ)為人。The two friends were very pleased to see each other again. 這兩個(gè)朋友非常高興再次見面。I was pleased that the manager had decided not to be angry with me. 使我高興的是經(jīng)理已經(jīng)不再生我的氣了?！騪leasant也是形容詞，表示“使人感到愉快／滿意”，一般用作定語(yǔ)，如主語(yǔ)是物，也可以用作表語(yǔ)。It’s pleasant weather today. 今天的天氣令人愉快。It’s very pleasant to sit down after standing for hours.站了幾小時(shí)后坐下來(lái)很舒服。◎please是動(dòng)詞，表示“（使）高興，滿意，愉快”。Does the cloth please you? 這布料合你的意嗎？12. Because I can’t use my arms or legs well, normal things like answering the telephone, opening and shutting doors, or carrying things have always been difficult for me. (P66)因?yàn)槲也荒莒`活地使用我的手和腳，像接電話、開關(guān)門、拿東西這樣的事情對(duì)于我來(lái)說(shuō)都很難。(1)本句中的shut意為“關(guān)”，在許多情況下可以與close互換，只是后者語(yǔ)氣較弱，如close the door關(guān)門（也可能指半開半閉），shut the door關(guān)門（指把門關(guān)緊）。That shop shuts at eight pm. 那家商店八點(diǎn)鐘關(guān)門。He closed his speech with a funny joke. 他用一個(gè)有趣的笑話結(jié)束了演說(shuō)?！虍?dāng)表示“關(guān)閉公路，鐵路或交通工具”或作“結(jié)束”講時(shí)，只用close。They have closed the road for thick fog. 由于大霧，那條公路被關(guān)閉。特別提示turn off用來(lái)表示“關(guān)閉”有開關(guān)的東西，如收音機(jī)、電視、煤氣、水龍頭等。Please turn off the light when you leave the lab. 在你離開實(shí)驗(yàn)室前關(guān)掉燈。Make sure the gas is turned off before you go to bed. 確保上床前把煤氣關(guān)掉。(2)本句中的carry意為“搬運(yùn)，攜帶”，不表示帶到什么地方，而攜帶的方式可以是提、扛、背、抱、抬等。She carried a baby in her arms. 她懷里抱了一個(gè)孩子。He was carrying a wooden box on his shoulder.他扛著一個(gè)木箱。特別提示在后面“Lucky! Fetch my book.”一句中出現(xiàn)的fetch相當(dāng)于go and bring back，意為“取來(lái)，接來(lái)”，表示一往一返。Let’s fetch some water. 咱們?nèi)ゴ螯c(diǎn)水來(lái)。People had to walk many kilometers in order to fetch wood. 為了取木料，人們不得不走許多公里路。